Christmas, 2025.

Previous Christmases I’ve chosen a carol that spoke to me about the true meaning of Christmas at that moment in my life. This year – maybe because we’ve been so busy – no such carol leapt out at me.

Karen and I only sat down to watch the TV version of Carols from Kings on New Year Eve. A couple of things amazed me about that programme. The first was how Daniel Hyde got the choir to sing so softly in the quiet parts and yet still sound exciting in the loud patches. The other thing was the way the choir members watched. I’ve always thought that a glance at the conductor once every bar was enough. Here the singers glanced at their music once a bar, the rest of the time their eyes were fixed on Daniel Hyde.

The TV camera operators had numerous ‘arty’ shots of stained-glass windows, the Rueben’s Adoration of the Magi, the soaring columns and the vaulted ceiling. After a shot of the ceiling, I remembered a poem by either William Wordsworth or John Betjieman, who described it as ‘a shower that never falls.’ Being a type five on the Enneagram I had to find which poet it was and in which poem it appeared.

I should have realised that it would most likely be John Betjieman because he was the poet to whom architecture was most important. It appears in a poem entitled Sunday Morning, King’s Cambridge in the collection A few late Chrysanthemums published in 1954. 

Sunday Morning King’s Cambridge
By John Betjeman

File into yellow candle light, fair choristers of King’s
Lost in the shadowy silence of canopied Renaissance stalls
In blazing glass above the dark glow skies and thrones and wings
Blue, ruby, gold and green between the whiteness of its walls
And with what rich precision the stonework soars and springs
To fountain out a spreading vault — a shower that never falls.

‘…the stonework soars and springs to fountain out a spreading vault — a shower that never falls.’ Yes, that was the line I remembered and certainly that was what I saw in the TV broadcast – a stone-vaulted ceiling suspended in time and space, frozen for all eternity.

But why did I think it might have been a line from William Wordsworth? Well, he did write about architecture and buildings – vide Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey (July 1798) and the sonnet On Westminster Bridge (Sept 1802) and a little bit of search produced Inside of King’s College Chapel, Cambridge believed to have been written in 1820 or 1821.

Inside of King’s College Chapel, Cambridge

By William Wordsworth

Tax not the royal Saint with vain expense,
With ill-matched aims the Architect who planned— 
Albeit labouring for a scanty band
Of white-robed Scholars only—this immense
And glorious Work of fine intelligence!
Give all thou canst; high Heaven rejects the lore
Of nicely-calculated less or more;
So deemed the man who fashioned for the sense
These lofty pillars, spread that branching roof
Self-poised, and scooped into ten thousand cells,
Where light and shade repose, where music dwells
Lingering—and wandering on as loth to die;
Like thoughts whose very sweetness yieldeth proof
That they were born for immortality.

This poem is from a series of 132 sonnets mostly written in 1821 and could have been written, when Wordsworth visited his brother Christopher Wordsworth (Master of Trinity) at Cambridge in 1820. Wordsworth said: “It struck me that certain points in the Ecclesiastical History of our Country might advantageously be presented to view in verse. Accordingly, I took up the subject, and what I now offer to the reader was the result” He was referring to the whole series of 132 Sonnets, which were later known as Ecclesiastical Sonnets.

I love the idea of the vaulted ceiling being like ‘ten thousand cells’ where light and shadow interplay and where music lingers ‘as loth to die’. Wordsworth compares this to thoughts that are born for immortality. Speaking of immortality, some two hundred years later, agreed not immortality, but here I was looking at that same ten thousand-celled stone ceiling with the music of carols still ‘lingering and wandering on as loth to die.’

The Chapel at King’s College, Cambridge – like most colleges and their chapels at both Oxford and Cambridge have become a mecca for tourists regardless what time of the year and those Colleges know how to charge those tourist to enter and view the buildings.

This modern poem Sheena Blackhall expresses how these beautiful buildings have become tourist-traps.

At King’s College Chapel, Cambridge 1
by Sheena Blackhall

A Negress with a knotted, tasselled scarf,
Power-shouldered jacket, buckskin moccasins,
Cromwellian warts on cheek and nose and chin,
Fingers the ancient carvings, clucks in awe.

A girl with matted hair, grown long and blonde,
Like Boudicca with nits, looks nonchalant,
Faced with a raging dragon and a hound.

A skull-faced skulker wearing a baseball cap,
His wrists tattooed with devils and swastikas,
Looks dumb-struck at the chapel’s soaring roof.

In fourteen forty one, the sainted King
Henry the Sixth, laid down the founding stone,
Great walls of buff and cream grew up and up
To vaults like fans of Spanish filigree.

The dark oak screen with gilded organ pipes,
Gifted by Henry eighth and Anne Boleyn.

Workmen in overalls chatter on cell phones,
Move ladders here and there, tape up seat rows.

A girl with thunder-thighs bangs on a pew,
Chews gum and sulks beneath a teacher’s glower.

Rubens’ Adoration of the Magi
Becomes the backdrop of the tourist snaps.

Rupert Brooke’s name, cut into the stone
Reveal he died in war, lost generation.

On Easter Sunday, TV cameras rolled.
No ladder, workmen, tourist queues in view
Only the candlelight’s kind, smudging glow,
The mystery of naked flame in darkness,
As holy as the voices of small boys
Soaring up from their throats like linnets’ prayers.

As I live in Linnet Way in Pinelands, this resonates with me!

—————

1. Sheena Blackhall, Matzevot: A Walk on the Face of Gravestones: Poems & Tales in Scots & English. (2012)

Carol of MY year 2024 –

Introduction

Over the past three years I have written a blog about a carol that attracted me in that year’s preparation for Christmas. Two years ago, it was ‘What sweeter music’ (words by Robert Herrick and music by John Rutter.) Last Christmas it was ‘Tomorrow shall be my dancing day’ words by that great poet ‘Traditional’ and music by John Gardner.

This year I had a bit more time to experience various carols as I was asked to do a parish faith-sharing series called ‘Faith and Music’ at St Stephen’s Pinelands and the December meeting was entitled ‘What sweeter music… than a carol.’

Cover of Piae Cantiones 1582

Why I chose it…

I started watching YouTube videos of Carols and histories of carols to give me a springboard for the presentation. I came across Jeremy Summerly’s various ‘Christmas Lectures’ videos for Gresham College. It appears that he has given an annual lecture on various aspects of carols and music for Christmas for many years now. One of these lectures discussed the 450th anniversary of the publication of Piae Cantiones Ecclesiasticae et Scholasticae Veterum Episcoporum (1582). The title can be basically translated as ‘Pious Church and Scholastic Songs of the Venerable Churchmen’

This publication was from Finland and collected by a Finnish schoolmaster Theodoricus Petri Rutha of Nyland, who taught at the Cathedral school at Turku, Finland. It contained seventy-two songs mostly with just a melody line. It has become a source of many carols and hymns with modern composers arranging the harmonies for us to use today in our worship. In our Hymns Ancient and Modern New Standard we find two hymn tunes sourced from this publication. The tunes are for the hymn ‘Of the Father’s love begotten…’ and secondly, a tune called Personent Hodie used for modern words ‘Long ago, prophets knew…’, an Advent Hymn.

Among the carols are ‘Up!  Good Christian folk and listen’ with the words by G. R. Woodward but the melody adapted from Piae Cantiones, and ‘Good King Wenceslas’ with words by J. M. Neale and the music was that for a Spring Carol also found in Piae Cantiones.

It is amazing how one book of tunes from an obscure town of Turku in Finland and collected by a schoolmaster has played such an important role in English hymns and carols. One of the tunes written out in harmony but only for the chorus (not the verse) of the carol I’ve decided to make ‘My Carol for the Year 2025’ mainly because researching it for my Faith and Music presentation at St Stephen’s Pinelands early in December has opened so many doors for me on the history of carols.

MY carol for 2024

The name of the carol I’ve chosen is ‘Gaudete’ [Rejoice]. In my introduction to the Faith and Music presentation I was trying to define what a carol was. The Oxford Book of Carols defined Carols as being ‘simple, hilarious, popular and modern’. These terms need a bit more explanation:  

Simple – this implies that a carol should be spontaneous and direct in what it says to us. This often leads to them rambling on like folk-ballads tended to do.

Hilarious – this is a strange use of the word but an archaic meaning is ‘boisterous and merry’. This also points to the word ‘carol’ being derived from the Latin and Old French word meaning ‘to dance’. This is where ‘Gaudete’ comes in for me. With its syncopation one cannot but help feeling the need to dance when it is sung in a vigorous way (see below for examples).

Popular – this means that carols were sung by all people, not just the choir and the clergy. Most often carols were sung by the common people going from door-to-door singing carols in the wassailing tradition, usually ending up in the local pub.

Modern – With Piae Cantiones being published in 1582, this seems to be a contradiction but The Oxford Book of Carols (TOB), using rather gender-specific language, typical of its era, TOB was first published 1928. It says that carols are ‘always modern, expressing the manner in which ordinary man at his best understands the idea of his age, and bringing traditional conservative religion up to date.’

Does ‘Gaudete‘ fulfil the requirements of being ‘simple, hilarious, popular and modern’? I think it does – if one performs it in a suitable way. Here we need to look at the words and the music separately.

The words

Latin
Gaudete, gaudete!
Christus est natus
Ex Maria virgine, gaudete!

Tempus adest gratiæ
Hoc quod optabamus,
Carmina lætitiæ
Devote reddamus.
Gaudete, gaudete!
Christus est natus
Ex Maria virgine, gaudete!  

Deus homo factus est
Natura mirante,
Mundus renovatus est
A Christo regnante.
Gaudete, gaudete!
Christus est natus
Ex Maria virgine, gaudete!  

Ezechielis porta
Clausa pertransitur,
Unde lux est orta
Salus invenitur.
Gaudete, gaudete!
Christus est natus
Ex Maria virgine, gaudete!  

Ergo nostra contio
Psallat iam in lustro;
Benedicat Domino:
Salus Regi nostro.
Gaudete, gaudete!
Christus est natus
Ex Maria virgine, gaudete!
English
Rejoice, rejoice!
Christ is born
Of the Virgin Mary – Rejoice!

The time of grace has come—
What we have wished for;
Songs of joy
Let us give back faithfully.
Rejoice, rejoice!
Christ is born
Of the Virgin Mary – Rejoice!  

God has become man,
With nature marvelling,
The world has been renewed
By the reigning Christ.
Rejoice, rejoice!
Christ is born
Of the Virgin Mary – Rejoice!  

The closed gate of Ezekiel
Is passed through,
Whence the light is risen;
Salvation has been found.
Rejoice, rejoice!
Christ is born
Of the Virgin Mary – Rejoice!  

Therefore, let our assembly
Now sing in brightness
Let it bless the Lord:
Salvation to our King.
Rejoice, rejoice!
Christ is born
Of the Virgin Mary – Rejoice!  

This carol is in Latin and not macaronic, where Latin phrases are introduced into a carol in the vernacular language, as for example, ‘In dulci jubilio, Let us our homage show.’ The Latin phrases, however, are all very well-known likely to be understood easily even by the uneducated person having heard them regularly in the liturgy. Thus, it is simple and popular and the music (see below) makes it hilarious and modern.

The Music

As far as the music goes, I’ve said already that the Piae Cantiones had 72 melodies and very few written with harmonies. Gaudete was one of the few that did. (See picture of score, showing the score with separate parts.) Unfortunately, there is no music given in Piae Cantiones for the verses. The YouTube channel, Early Music Sources by Elam Rotem gives a very good and interesting exploration of the early sources for the chorus as well giving examples of verses used by performers. Use this link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aab7TvfDEKE if you want to see where the tune first arose. Basically, a choir planning to sing today would have to find a suitable version to express the joyfulness of this carol.

Gaudete from Piae Cantiones 1582

I was looking for a version to play for the Faith and Music group.

Version 1: In my CD collection I had a CD I bought at Portsmouth Cathedral with their choir under Dr David Price. Their version of Gaudete was arranged by Luke Fitzgerald who brings in percussion and the organ to express the celebratory nature of the carol. This is close to what I think fulfils the definition of simplicity, hilarity, popularity and being modern.

From CD Verbum Caro Factum Est Choir of Portsmouth Cathedral Director David Price (Herald CD HAVPCD407 2018)

Version 2: However, the one I chose to play to the group was a version by the British folk-rock group Steeleye Span from the 1970s and 80s. It became very popular reaching the Top40 charts – one of the only two Steeleye Span had- the other was ‘All around my hat’. This version of Gaudete has simple harmonies and the singing by the soloist, Maddy Prior and the rest of the group, has a ‘roughness’ and ‘boldness’ giving a ‘in-your-face’ feel to it.  The words are also pronounced in a ‘non-liturgical Latin’ or ‘Italianated Latin’  way making it sound more ‘popular’ – of the people, rather than ‘of the choir and educated clergy.’

Taken from one of many online Youtube videos Steeleye Span – live performance.

Which one do you like most? Which version is truly a carol? Feel free to message me in the comments.

While searching I came across a parody version entitled Crudité rather than Gaudete and if you listen carefully to the words, pre-dinner snacks are more to the fore than rejoicing over the birth of Jesus! This version perhaps uses the definition of ‘hilarious’ in its modern rather than archaic way!

Found on YouTube. Song by Blanche Rowen and Mike Gulston

A Trio of Songs that Touched me.

I have copies of many of my own CDs as well as CD taken out of the local Library on my Laptop. While working on my laptop, I always have music playing. Occasionally I look for a specific composition, song, composer or genre but most often I just play the next album that comes up in my library on Windows Media Player. When I’ve reached the last of the albums starting with Z I go back to the top of the library and start again with those under A. That means I sometimes move from one album of esoteric classical music (like ‘Ballet music by Tchaikovsky’) to ‘Barbara Streisand’s Greatest Hits Volume Two’! Felt sorry for the others working in our house!

Being a type 5 on the Enneagram means that I don’t do emotions in real life and perhaps that is why I turn for emotional relief to movies and music. That way I can keep it more hidden and if someone says, ‘That music is a bit sentimental and emotional, isn’t it?’ I can response, ‘Yes. Definitely’ and quickly move on to play music which is less emotional.

Song 1: You don’t bring me flowers

I was thinking about this, today as I was listening to Barbara Streisand. There was a song where she sings a duet with Neil Diamond, You don’t bring me flowers’. What drew me to this song? What resonated within me when I heard it while busy working on my PC? Was it the words? Well, they are fairly sad. Marilyn Bergman, who wrote the song together with her husband Alan and Neil Diamond, said that this was a song about a couple drifting apart. The words are sad and nostalgic in nature. They seem speak directly to the listener as if the singers (usually Barbara Streisand and Neil Diamond) are addressing us, the listeners, directly. I must admit that I’ve never been a great bringer of flowers or singer of love-songs, but I don’t think it was that that made me stop typing on my pc and listen to the song. I think it was the actual melody and the harmonies that tugged at my heart strings.

The same night I watched a YouTube video where Stephan Fry and Alan Davies went to the Royal Opera House in London to watch the Verdi opera, Simon Bocchanegra. While they were watching they were wired up to different physiological measuring instruments to see how the music affected them. One of the scientists who was interviewed in the YouTube video said that 90% of people will say that they had been moved to tears by a piece of music. When it came to a painting or a piece of sculpture that number drops to 5%, while poetry – both read and heard is about mid-way between. So, music is very much an emotional art form.

What in the melody and harmony of You don’t bring me flowers moved me? Initially I thought it was the rising fifth on ‘flo-wer’ which made the opening phrase so poignant but I’m no musicologist. I found a web site which spoke about the emotional nature of music and gave the emotions one might feel when hearing certain intervals being played or sung. A rising perfect fifth, it told me, creates a feeling of cheerfulness and hope. I had felt anguish and sadness, not cheerfulness or hope, so it was not the perfect fifth in the melody that did it for me.

I found a version with melody and guitar chords online. This showed that the song in the key of C major moves to chord of G with C in the bass on the bar which has ‘flo-wers’ in it. The chord of G has a B in it, which creates a slight dissonance against the C in the bass. This is what presented a feeling of anguish. So perhaps it was that ‘crunch’ in the harmony, quickly resolved back to the tonic (via F/C to C), which attracted my ears attention.

The words are also telling. Streisand and Diamond sing of all the things they had learnt in their relationship together – to laugh, to cry, to love and they think they could ‘learn to say goodbye’. And that is where the song ends, with a chorus of ‘You don’t bring me flowers anymore’. We never learn whether they do say goodbye. This is perhaps typical of many long-term relationships. Things which draw a couple close together gradually disappear from their relationship. The need to say ‘you don’t say you need me’ seems superfluous because they both need each other. But maybe they do need to say it; sometime to stop the drifting apart. 

You don’t bring me flowers.  From Barbara Streisand’s Greatest Hits Vol 2. 
Barbara Streisand and Neil Diamond

You don’t bring me flowers.

1… You don’t bring me flowers, You don’t sing me love songs, You hardly talk to me anymore, When I come through the door at the end of the day … I remember when You couldn’t wait to love me, Used to hate to leave me.

2… Now after lovin’ me late at night, When it’s good for you, babe, And you’re feeling alright, Well, you just roll over and turn out the light, And you don’t bring me flowers anymore.

3 … It used to be so natural (used to be), Talk about forever, But used-to-bes don’t count anymore. They just lay on the floor ’til we sweep them away.

 

4… And baby, I remember, All the things you taught me, I learned how to laugh, And I learned how to cry, Well, I learned how to love, And I learned how to lie,

5… So you’d think I could learn how to tell you goodbye. (So you’d think I could learn how to tell you goodbye) You don’t bring me flowers anymore.

6… Well, you’d think I could learn how to tell you goodbye. Well, you don’t say you need me, And you don’t sing me love songs, You don’t bring me flowers anymore.

Source: LyricFind Songwriters: Alan Bergman / Marilyn Bergman / Neil Diamond

Song 2: Coney Island - Van Morrison

The second song was written and sung by Van Morrison off his album Avalon. I say ‘sung’ but in reality, it is a spoken piece over an orchestral accompaniment. In this song it was the words that touched me.

Only after researching it did I discover that it was not Coney Island in New York but Coney Island, in County Down, Northern Ireland. Morrison is a Northern Ireland singer-songwriter and I should have got the clues from the list of place names he incorporated in the words – Downpatrick, St. John’s Point, Strangford Lough, Shrigley, Killyleagh, Lecale District and Ardglass.

The song is described by Wikipedia as a ‘spoken-word song … [and] is accompanied by lush instrumentation which contrasts with Morrison’s thick Ulster brogue.’

The words of the song describe what he and his mother did as they motored down to Coney Island from Belfast. We have all been on holiday motor trips where, after a turn in the road, a new vista or town brings memories of previous holiday trips. Wonderful memories.  The last couple of lines express this exactly and express the desire for the eternal joy found in memories. 
I look at the side of your face as the sunlight comes streaming through the window in the autumn sunshine.
And all the time going to Coney Island I’m thinking, wouldn’t it be great if it was like this all the time.

After some of Van Morrison’s other music, it was the spoken rather than the sung words that made me stop and listen and be moved by Morrison’s nostalgic prose.

Coney Island

Coming down from Downpatrick, stopping off at St. John’s Point, out all day birdwatching, and the craic was good.
Stopped off at Strangford Lough, early in the morning, drove through Shrigley taking pictures, and on to Killyleagh.
Stopped off for Sunday papers at the Lecale District, just before Coney Island.
On and on, over the hill to Ardglass,in the jam jar, autumn sunshine, magnificent and all shining through.

 

Stop off at Ardglass for a couple of jars of Mussels and some potted herrings in case, we get famished before dinner.
On and on, over the hill and the craic is good heading towards Coney Island.

I look at the side of your face as the sunlight comes streaming through the window in the autumn sunshine, and all the time going to Coney Island I’m thinking, Wouldn’t it be great if it was like this all the time.

Source: LyricFind
Songwriter: Van Morrison

Song 3: Hello in there Bette Midler

The third song that moved me was one on Bette Midler’s album Jackpot: Bette’s Best entitled ‘Hello in there.’

In this song the songwriter, John Prine describes the complexity of an older couple’s life, two lovers who now find themselves wandering and adrift in their golden years. ‘We had an apartment in the city / Me and my husband liked living there / Well, it’d been years since the kids had grown, A life of their own left us alone / John and Linda live in Omaha / And Joe is somewhere on the road / We lost Davy in the Korean war / And I still don’t know what for, don’t matter anymore.’

Prine goes further by analysing how painful it is for the elderly to be felt invisible to the world. ‘Ya’ know that old trees just grow stronger / And old rivers grow wilder ev’ry day / Old people just grow lonesome / Waiting for someone to say, ‘Hello in there, hello.”’

Prine wrote the song when he was 22 and has been covered by many other singers. I found a few of versions on YouTube. One was by one of my folk-singer heroes, Joan Baez, but her version of Hello in there, I felt, was taken too fast and more in the folk or Country-&-Western genre style. There is also a duet version of Kris Kristofferson with Joan Baez in which they do take the song at a more leisurely pace. The couple in the lyrics are most definitely still in love with each other, so a duet is appropriate, but it’s Bette Midler’s version that had me nearly in tears.

Bette Midler does change the words to make it a song sung by a woman, changing ‘Loretta’ to ‘my husband’, her friend is now Judy not Rudy and, of course all the necessary pronouns are changed.

The message of the song is a call for people to acknowledge the elderly they might meet: ‘So if you’re walking down the street sometime/ And spot some hollow ancient eyes/ Please don’t just pass ’em by and stare/ As if you didn’t care, say, “Hello in there, hello”’.

What moved me in this song was the similarity the words have with my genealogical research. For example: I find a person in the 1851 Census just born a year or two before. In the 1861 Census the person is listed as ‘Scholar’ but still at home with parents. Frequently, by the 1871 census, the person had married in the previous decade and was now with their new spouse. Census 1881 has them now as parents of usually more than one child! By the 1901 Census a boy child might be away from home serving in the British Army in the Anglo-Boer War in South Africa. Perhaps like ‘Davy’ in the song, he will be lost in that war. By the 1921 Census, the parents have died and maybe a few of the other children served and died in the First world War. This song presents to me a typical family history scenario, summing up all our lives of being born living reproducing and dying – sad but a reality for us all.

‘Hello in there’ from Bette Midler’s album Jackpot: Bette’s Best

Hello in there
We had an apartment in the city,
Me and Loretta liked living there.
Well, it’d been years since the kids had grown.
A life of their own, left us alone.
John and Linda live in Omaha,
And Joe is somewhere on the road
We lost Davy in the Korean war,
And I still don’t know what for, don’t matter anymore.
You know that old trees just grow stronger
And old rivers grow wilder every day
Old people just grow lonesome
Waiting for someone to say, “Hello in there, hello”

Me and Loretta, we don’t talk much anymore.
She sits and stares through the back door screen.
And all the news just repeats itself,
Like some forgotten dream that we’ve both seen.
Someday I’ll go and call up Rudy,
We worked together at the factory.
What could I say if he asks “What’s new?” “Nothing, what’s with you? Nothing much to do”


You know that old trees just grow stronger
And old rivers grow wilder every day,
Old people just grow lonesome,
Waiting for someone to say,
“Hello in there, hello”

So if you’re walking down the street sometime
And spot some hollow ancient eyes
Please don’t just pass ’em by and stare
As if you didn’t care, say,
“Hello in there, hello”

Source: LyricFind
Songwriters: John Prine

So Why?

What made these three songs significant for me? Was it the sentimental words and musical imagery that enable me to let my deeply hidden romanticism and emotions flower? Was it just that I’m getting more nostalgic as I get older. Was it the realisation that I have less time left over in my life? I suspect it is a bit of all three but for me all music creates some sort of emotional response, sometimes sadness, sometimes nostalgia, sometimes joy and excitement. Thank God for music!

 

I hope you weren’t offended by this personal look at three songs that had moved me. If you enjoyed it, I’m thinking of doing a similar thing with a personal Desert Island Disc, choosing the eight discs I would take to a desert island, so keep a lookout for that.